The Parisian club has now secured the season-opening cup on 14 separate times.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the showdown featuring the French league champions and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring early on.
Yet, Marseille fired twice in the closing moments to seize a surprise lead. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial equaliser in the dying seconds to force the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to complete a convincing shootout win.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the last thirteen seasons.